Welfare Code Decoder Healthcare Tool

Duty of Care

Checklist

I have strong knowledge of the costs associated with owning a horse, including dealing with emergencies, change/end of my horse’s career and end of life responsibilities.

I have identified the type of horse appropriate for my skill level and intended use.

I have identified a location to keep my horse and am satisfied that the housing and care available meets the standards outlined in the Code of Practice.

When I leave my horse in someone else’s care, I ensure the person is competent and has authority to act in an emergency situation (If applicable - I have a written boarding contract).

I am responsible for horses that are under the care of a minor whom I am the parent or guardian.

I understand that a pre-purchase veterinary exam is a recommended practice if I buy a new horse.

Owners must have the resources for and knowledge of the basics of care as outlined in this Code and ensure such care is provided.
Principal caregivers must be familiar with and provide the basics of care as stated in this Code.

Facilities and Housing

Pastures and Yards

I am aware that horses are highly adaptable to weather conditions and keep my horses outside or provide frequent outdoor access as much as possible.

I am aware of the medical issues mud can cause and have provided a mud free zone in the paddock so they are not forced to stand in mud.

I am aware that overcrowding paddocks increases the risk of injury and other health and welfare issues to my horse.

My paddock is big enough that I have ensured that my horse is able to canter comfortably within the paddock.

I practice safe and good pasture management.

I have provided appropriate shelter, considering both size and types for my horse (either natural or constructed) and their individual needs for different weather conditions.

I am aware of the importance of keeping my horse’s body temperature stable and within the “thermoneutral zone” and assist my horse if signs of discomfort are present.

I am aware of the groups of horses vulnerable to temperature changes.

I check my blanketed horses daily for potential health issues and I have ensured that my blankets are in good repair, properly fitted, water proof and dry.

I recognize that horses need companionship and that some horses require special considerations.

I am aware of the increased risks associated with introducing new horses. For this reason I monitor groups closely and new horses are introduced slowly.

I am aware of biosecurity issues surrounding new horses and take steps to minimize the risks.

I have appropriately grouped horses and have separated horses that are incompatible.

I am aware of the different types of appropriate fencing for horses, conditionally appropriate fencing types and the risks associated with poorly maintained fences.

I have ensured that all paddock gates are at least 1.2m (4ft) wide.

At a minimum, each horse must have enough space to move easily, walk forward, turn around with ease and lie down in a normal resting posture. There must also be sufficient space for subordinate horses to escape aggression.
In muddy conditions horses must, at a minimum, have access to a mud-free, well drained area in the pasture/yard on which to stand and lie down.
The application of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and farm manure must be timed to prevent any health risks to grazing horses or contamination of ground water.
Horses must have access to shelter (constructed or natural) that protects them from the harmful effects of extreme weather conditions.
Promptly assist individual horses that are showing signs of heat or cold stress.
If blankets are used, the condition of the horse beneath the blankets must be examined at least weekly.
Blankets must be appropriate for the weather conditions and not result in heat stress.
Horses kept in groups must be managed in a way that minimizes the risk of injury.
Fences must be constructed and maintained to minimize the risk of injury and must be strong enough to contain horses. Refer to municipal fencing by-laws, if applicable.
Electric fences must be installed according to the manufacturer’s specifications. All power units for electric fences must be designed to prevent short circuits and/or stray voltage (for example, into the water sources).
Temporary electric fences used for strip grazing or pasture rotation are not an acceptable as permanent perimeter fence for horses.

Facilities for Special Needs (Foaling, Stallions, Sick or Injured Horses)

I have ensured that box stalls used for foaling are at least 30% larger than the average box stall and have solid walls.

If foaling occurs in a fenced area than the fencing should not present an entanglement hazard to mare or foal and I have considered protection from predators.

I have ensured that the foaling area is dry, sheltered, and familiar to the mare.

I have provided the mare with a companion that she is comfortable with.

I have ensured the foal is not exposed to stressful conditions and I have a plan in case the foal needs to be kept warm.

I have provided for the unique housing, handling and social needs of stallions in my care.

I have provided segregated stalls or pens for horses that are injured, sick or in rehab.

Owners must have the ability to segregate sick or injured horses for treatment.
If sick pens or stalls are used, they must be equipped with a source of feed and water and be cleaned between uses.

Indoor Housing

Horse welfare has been the priority with the design and maintenance of my indoor facility.

I have ensured that the following space allowances have been met:

My horse’s stall is 2 - 2.5 times the height of my horse at the withers squared.
All support beams or ceilings are ≥ 0.6m (2ft) above my horse’s head.
Alley ways are ≥ 3m (9.84ft) wide and allow horses to safely turn around.
Doorways for one horse are ≥ 1.2m (4ft) wide and 0.3m (1ft) higher than horse’s head height when standing normally.
Doorways for two horses are ≥ 2.4m (8ft) wide.

I have provided safe, uniform lighting that is bright enough to observe horses. My horse is neither kept in complete light nor in complete darkness.

I have ensured that flooring is non-slip, drains well and is appropriate to my horse’s needs.

I am aware that the flooring must be kept free from standing water or urine and that soft footing should be regularly maintained.

Facilities must be designed and maintained to minimize the risk of injury.
For indoor facilities: each horse must have enough space to lie down in a normal resting posture, stand with the head fully raised, walk forward and turn around with ease. For tie stalls, each horse must have enough space to lie down in a normal resting posture, stand with head fully raised and step forward in comfort.
For group housing, there must also be sufficient space for subordinate horses to escape aggression.
For horses kept indoors without natural light, artificial lighting must be provided during the day. Keeping horses in continuous darkness is not acceptable.
Provide non-slip surfaces in stalls and alleyways to reduce the risk of horses slipping or falling.
Ensure stalls are kept clean. Horses must be provided with a dry lying area. The area must also be of a design or texture that will not bruise, cut or otherwise injure the horse. Concrete or hard rubber mats without bedding are not acceptable surfaces.
Bedding must be non-toxic.
Air quality in barns must be maintained to prevent buildup of noxious gasses, dust and moisture.
Ventilation must effectively maintain good indoor air quality.
The concentration of ammonia in the air must not exceed 25ppm. Refer to the above information on options for assessing ammonia concentration.

Safety and Emergencies

I have consulted a local fire department for specific advice on fire prevention and I have created an emergency action plan (EAP.)

I have ensured that all staff at the barn are EAP trained and that appropriate emergency equipment is provided.

I have ensured that housing facilities are built so that horses can be quickly removed.

I routinely inspect and maintain important safety aspects of the barn (including electrical components and perimeter fencing.)

Develop an emergency action plan for emergencies that may occur in your area.
Toxic materials must be securely stored such that horses cannot gain access to them.

Feed and Water

Water

I am aware that my horse may limit his water intake if it is from a new source or is compromised.

I am aware that the minimum water intake for maintenance in an environment (5-20°C) is 5L (1.32 gal) per 100kg (220 lbs) of horse.

I am knowledgeable of conditions that increase my horse’s water requirements.

I am aware that snow will not meet my horse’s hydration requirements and cannot be the source of water during the winter.

I am aware that if my horse’s water intake is limited it may affect his food intake and well-being.

I place water troughs in areas that prevent freezing and contamination and that are accessible to every horse.

I check automatic watering systems, electric fences and heaters daily to ensure proper functioning.

I am aware that heating water to 20°C in the winter can optimize water intake (especially for older horses.)

My horse’s water source is tested annually (minimum) unless it has been approved for human consumption.

Horses must have access to safe, palatable and clean water in quantities to maintain health and vigour.
In extreme weather conditions (cold or hot), special attention must be paid to ensure water availability, access and intake.
Water troughs, containers and any automatic watering devices must be cleaned regularly and maintained in working order with no sharp or abrasive edges.

Safety of Feedstuffs

My horse’s hay is free from dust, mould, soil, weeds and poisonous plants.

My horse’s concentrates are from a reliable source, dust free and not too finely ground.

I understand that feed meant for other animals are not necessarily appropriate for horses and can be dangerous to my horse.

My grain is kept in a secure location away from possible contaminates, horse access and in rodent-proof containers.

I read the label of my horse’s feed and use it appropriately for the needs of each horse.

My horse’s buckets, troughs and feeding areas are kept clean and clear of debris.

Horses must have daily access to forage that is free from visible mould and has minimal dust.
Horses must only receive feedstuffs that are appropriate for the species.
Concentrates must be stored in a secure manner that prevents horses from overeating.

Feeding Behaviour

I provide an environment for my horse that encourages natural foraging behavior (i.e. eating in a head-down position) and maximizes foraging time.

My horse is fed grain after he receives his forage.

I am aware that fasting can contribute to gastric ulcers and stereotypic behavior in my horse.

Nutritional Content and Feed Management

I calculate my horse’s feed intake based on maintenance needs plus metabolic activity.

I know that the average mature horse needs 1.5 – 2% of his weight in feed per day for maintenance needs.

Forage makes up the majority of my horse’s ration.

I am aware that my horse requires more energy when temperatures drop below 5°C. I realize forage should be increased and concentrate should be provided if needed.

If I choose to feed my horse haylage or silage than I ensure that it is suitable for my horse and I have taken appropriate steps safeguard my horse for this feed type.

I am aware that I can reduce competition over feed by adding more feed sites and abiding by space allowances.

I have consulted a nutritionist or veterinarian to develop a nutrition plan for my horse

I monitor the weight and body condition score (BCS) of my horse and adjust his feed accordingly.

My horse is fed regularly, on a schedule, and in multiple small meals rather than one large meal.

Any changes made to my horse’s diet will be made over a 7-10 day period.

I feed my horse based on energy value and weight (not volume) of feed.

I feed horses of similar nutritional needs together.

Growing Horses

I am aware that growing horses will consume 3% of their body weight and the importance of providing food balanced for growth at this stage.

I recognize that foals do not usually need anything more than their mother’s milk for 6-8 weeks. If creep feeding is required then it is fed at a rate of 0.5-1% body weight. (max of 1.8-2.3kg (4-5lbs) a day)

I am aware that my horse’s growth rate slows but does not stop at a year and that he still requires more nutrients than a mature horse.

I feed two year olds and yearlings separately from adult horses so they do not compete for food.

Horses in Work

I am aware of the extra nutrient requirements associated with work.

Grain is fed in at least two separate meals not exceeding 0.5-0.6kg (1.1-1.3 lbs.) of grain per 100kg (220lbs) of horse.

I do not feed my horse immediately before or after strenuous exercise.

Stallions

I recognize that stallions during breeding season have special nutritional requirements.

At the beginning and end of the breeding season I evaluate my stallions BCS and adjust his feed appropriately to ensure overall health and wellbeing.

Reproductive Mares

I recognize the importance of quality nutrition for my pregnant mare.

I feed my mare grain/concentrates when needed at a rate of 0.5-0.75% body weight

I ensure that my mare will receive proper protein while pregnant (11% during last three months, 13.5 during early lactation (1-3mths) and 11% during late lactation (4-6 mths.))

Geriatric Horses

I keep an eye on my older horse’s dental health and have a dental exam conducted annually.

I am aware that older horses often face problems maintaining a healthy BCS but that old age is not the cause. Therefore weight loss needs to be addressed and corrected and a BCS of 3 or less requires intervention.

I am knowledgeable of common causes of weight loss in older horses.

I regularly monitor older horses’ BCS and take actions to treat issues.

I ensure that my older horse has adequate access to feed.

Horses must receive a diet that is adequate for maintaining health and vigour.
The daily ration must address the horse’s maintenance and activity needs and other factors relevant to individual horses and the environment.
Horses must have access to salt either provided in the ration or free access (a block or loose salt.)
Growing horses must receive a diet that is adequate for maintaining health, growth and vigour.
Horses in work must receive a diet that is adequate for maintaining health and vigour.
Stallions must receive a diet that is adequate for maintaining health and vigour.
Pregnant and lactating mares must receive a diet that is adequate for maintaining health and vigour and that allows the mares to provide adequate nutrition to the foal.
Geriatric horses must receive a diet that is adequate for maintaining health and vigour.

Health Management

Health Management Plans

I am aware that the health of my horse is a key component of his welfare.

I regularly assess my horse to ensure that he is healthy and fit relative to his workload.

I have established a working relationship with a practicing veterinarian.

With input from my vet and other experts I have created a Health Management Plan for my horse which includes:

Vaccinations and parasite control
Infectious disease prevention, detection and treatment
Pest and insect control
Staff training
Veterinary contact information for emergencies

I am knowledgeable of responsible purchasing, keeping and administering medications.

My horse is regularly inspected by a vet who is assisted by a competent handler.

I have outlined when the vet should be called.

I segregate new horses from resident horses for at least seven days and monitor their health status.

Horses must be observed as often as required to maintain their health and well-being.
Purchase medications and veterinary pharmaceuticals from regulated, reputable sources. Refer to provincial and federal regulations.
Records or receipts of treatments provided must be available.
A parasite control program to prevent parasite-related diseases must be in place. This requirement applies to internal and external parasites.

Sick, Injured or Compromised Horses

I am knowledgeable of normal equine behavior and basic first-aid.

I am able to effectively assess my horse’s vital signs and inspect for signs of sickness or injury.

I have a first-aid kit for transport vehicles and on the farm.

I know the location of the nearest veterinary hospital.

I have facilities to shelter, isolate, and well-bedded stalls/pens for sick, injured or recovering horses.

I monitor sick or injured horses twice daily and keep records of treatment.

If I am to be away, I will assign my horse’s health care to a competent individual.

I am familiar with signs of colic, risk prevention and understand the seriousness of episodes.

I am aware of infectious diseases common to my area, transmission methods and incubation periods.

I am familiar with populations of horses that are particularly prone to catching disease.

If I suspect disease I promptly isolate my horse, obtain a diagnosis, provide treatment and call potentially affected horse owners.

Equines that are sick, injured or in pain must receive appropriate treatment without delay or be euthanized without delay. Refer also to section-10 Euthanasia.
For sick, injured or compromised horses that are not showing improvement, horse owners or caregivers must, without delay, obtain veterinary advice on appropriate care and treatment or make arrangements for euthanasia.
Records or receipts for treatments provided must be available.
Appropriate authorities must be advised of suspected or confirmed cases of federally reportable disease, such as Equine Infectious Anemia. Refer to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (www.inspection.gc.ca)

Dental Care

I am aware that dental conditions are painful and can lead to other welfare issues (i.e. weight loss).

I monitor for signs of dental problems.

My horse has an annual dental examination (or more frequently if needed).

Horses showing signs of dental problems must be examined and treated.
Dental care procedures must only be performed by a veterinarian or competent individual working under direct veterinary supervision. Refer to provincial regulations

Lameness

I am able to recognize and reduce the risk of lameness.

I am aware that lameness presents a welfare issue and needs to be diagnosed and treated.

If my horse becomes lame, or laminitis (founder) is suspected, I will seek veterinary advice.

I am aware of the various treatments for lameness and understand that pin firing IS NOT recommended.

I am knowledgeable of the possible causes and signs of laminitis.

I recognize laminitis is a serious condition that may result in euthanasia.

Lameness must be addressed either through specific therapies or changes in management or workload.
Horses with laminitis must receive appropriate lifelong management and treatment, which may include medications, dietary management and hoof care.

Body Condition Scoring

I am able to evaluate my horse’s Body Condition Score (BCS.)

I am familiar with appropriate BCS’s and associated effects on my horse’s health and performance.

I am aware of how to appropriately increase or decrease my horse’s BCS safely and effectively.

For horses and ponies, corrective action must be taken at a BCS of 3 or lower and at a BSC of 8 or higher (on a 1-9 scale). *Veterinary advice must be obtained if animals do not respond to the corrective action. Refer to appendix D.
Veterinary advice must be obtained for geriatric equines that are emaciated (i.e. BCS of 1 or 2 out of 9 for horses and ponies)
Equines must not be starved or prevented from eating for prolonged periods in order to reduce BCS. The change in feed to reduce BCS must be gradual.

*With the exception of horses in feedlots that are free from health conditions associated with obesity.

Husbandry Practices

Turnout, Exercise and Social Opportunities

I recognize that turnout refers to “free time” for my horse where he can be in an area without being controlled by a handler (preferably outside.)

I recognize that exercise refers to physical activity

I recognize that social opportunities refer to times when horses may interact with each other via sight, sound and/or direct contact.

I allow my horse daily exercise or turnout opportunities with other horses.

My facilities were built so that horses could have ample social opportunities.

If my horse is on stall rest I have provided enrichment devices (nibble nets, toys etc.)

I am knowledgeable of stereotypies and work to prevent them through management techniques that address the underlying causes of the behaviour rather than physically preventing or punishing the behaviour.

I am aware that by providing ample turnout, social and foraging opportunities I can minimize the risk of my horse developing a stereotypy.

Horses must have some form of exercise or turnout unless under stall rest for medical reasons or severe environmental conditions make this temporarily impossible.

Behaviour and Handling

I understand and can effectively apply the concepts of field of vision, flight zone and point of balance when handling my horse.

When handling my horse I accommodate his behaviour in a calm manner with minimal sudden actions or noises.

I recognize that my horse is a flight-or-fight animal.

I am able to recognize signs of fear and agitation in my horse.

I use the mildest handling or restraining equipment available on my horse and for as short a time as possible. The equipment does not cause my horse stress or present a hazard to me.

I use quick release knots.

I am aware of other forms of restraint that are acceptable when used by a knowledgeable handler. These devices must be used in the manner they were intended for and not cause unnecessary suffering or pain.

I define tethering as attaching a long rope or chain to the halter or leg hobble so the horse can graze. I understand that, unless done properly, tethering presents a high risk of injury to my horse.

If my horse needs to wear a halter while in the pasture or stall it has a break-away design.

Handlers must be familiar with equine behaviour and competent in humane handling techniques either through training, experience or mentorship.
Horses must be handled in a manner that does not subject them to avoidable pain or avoidable injury.
Corrective action must be taken if restraint devices or equipment cause injury to horses.
Tethering must not cause injury and must only be used if the horse is under supervision. The person applying the tether must be knowledgeable in its use. Refer to the above explanation of tethers.
Electric cattle prods must not be used for the routine movement or handling of horses on-farm or during loading/unloading. Discretion must be used in an individual extreme situation when animal or human safety is at immediate risk, but prods must never be used repeatedly or used on the face, anus or reproductive organs of horses.

Principles in Training and Learning Theory

I recognize the importance of appropriately training my horse for safety and welfare.

When training my horse I make “the right thing easy and the wrong thing hard” and ensure that there is a way for my horse to comply with my request.

My tack and equipment are maintained, in good repair, and properly fitted to my horse.

I am knowledgeable of basic learning theory and understand how to apply it to training.

I have consulted an experienced trainer or coach and have ensured their aptitude.

I use minimum force when training my horse.

I train in short sessions over time to achieve my goals.

My horse is trained to lead, load into a trailer, stand safely for the farrier, veterinarian and for grooming.

Horses must not be trained in a manner that subjects them to avoidable pain or that causes them injury as a direct result of the training method used. They must never be subjected to training methods which are abusive or intentionally injure the horse. This includes, but is not limited to: soring, excessive use of whips or forcing the horse’s head position by tying the horse to a fixed object.
Horses must only undergo training that matches their physical capabilities and level of maturity.
Equipment in use must be maintained in good repair and must fit the horse correctly.

Methods of Identification

I am aware of the importance of equine identification and of the various methods of doing so.

I am aware that all forms of permanent identification, except iris scanning, cause pain. Where necessary I will use the correct and least painful method available to me.

I understand that freeze branding is preferable to hot-iron branding.

I ensure that a skilled person performs the identification procedure, pain control has been discussed with a vet and my horse has experience being handled and restrained.

Animal identification must be performed in a manner that causes the minimum of handling stress and pain, regardless of the method used.
If branding is necessary, do not brand horses on the jaw/cheek.
When registering new brands, select an approved site other than the jaw/cheek. Consult the appropriate provincial regulatory authorities, breed registry or sport council for more information.
Horses must never be branded when they are wet.

Castration

I am aware that castration is a medical procedure and often has complications (some are life-threatening), and should only be performed by a veterinarian.

I am aware that not all provinces legally require a veterinarian to perform a castration. However, whomever performs the procedure may be held accountable under animal protection laws.

I am knowledgeable of the reasons for castration.

Castration of mature horses must only be performed by a veterinarian.
Horses with one or more retained testicles or other scrotal abnormalities (e.g. hernias) must only be castrated by a veterinarian.
Provincial regulations that restrict castration of horses to licensed veterinarians must be followed.
Where it is not prohibited by law, castration by a person who is not a licensed veterinarian must only be performed by a skilled operator and must meet the following requirements:
- There is a valid Veterinary-Client-Patient Relationship with a licensed veterinarian who is willing to supply training (on the procedure and pain management), prescribe the required drugs for pain control and provide interventions if needed
- The scrotal area must be examined to ensure normal scrotal anatomy. If there is evidence of an abnormality, castration must only be performed by a veterinarian
- The handling and restraint methods must not cause injury or unnecessary suffering
- Pain control must be provided. At a minimum, this must include a local anesthetic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Castration must not begin until the local anesthetic has taken effect
- The horse must be monitored during and after the procedure and, if complications occur, a veterinarian must be contacted without delay.

Alterations of the Tail

I know what tail docking, tail nicking and tail blocking are and the welfare issues they present.

Tail nicking and blocking are unacceptable and must not be performed.
Tail docking for cosmetic purposes is unacceptable and must not be performed. Refer also to provincial regulations on tail docking, if applicable.

Hoof Care

I am aware of the importance of regular hoof care.

I am aware of the reasons for and importance of shoeing or horse boots.

I have my foal inspected within a month of birth so that any required corrective trimming is started as early as possible.

I am aware of the importance of cleaning the hoof and do so before I ride or other use (i.e. driving).

I am knowledgeable of the signs of thrush and consult my farrier or veterinarian if it occurs.

I am knowledgeable of strategies used to maintain hoof health.

I have provided a clean, safe and well-lit area for my farrier.

My farrier is skilled and uses recognized techniques.

I employ a farrier every 5-8 weeks or as often as my horse requires it.

Hooves must be trimmed and/or shod as often as is necessary to maintain hooves in functional condition. Whether shod or unshod, hooves must not be allowed to grow to excessive lengths causing injury or discomfort to the horse.

Grooming

I am aware of the health and behavioural benefits of grooming.

Horses must be free of debris where the saddle and harness are placed. The tack must also be free from debris before being placed on the horse.
Burdocks causing discomfort or injury must be removed without delay.

Reproductive Management

Checklist

I understand what a purpose-bred horse is and what responsible breeding practices are.

I considered the costs, risks and needs of all horses involved prior to breeding.

I sought advice from an experienced breeder or vet before breeding my horse.

I have a plan for the foal in case I am unable to sell or care for him.

My mare had a breeding soundness examination before I bred her.

I recognize how to choose an appropriate stallion for my mare if naturally breeding.

My mare had a body condition score of at least 5 out of 9 prior to being bred.

My vet and I created a health management plan specifically for my mare.

I am aware of my mare’s medical and physical requirements during pregnancy.

Prior to foaling, I consulted a vet or experienced breeder to learn about colostrum management and the foaling process.

I am knowledgeable about foaling signs and the need to monitor mares regardless of signs.

I am able to recognize and respond to emergencies during foaling.

If after ten minutes of active labour I cannot see the foal I will provide appropriate intervention without delay.

I have ensured that foaling will occur on clean pasture or in a large, clean box stall.

A vet or experienced breeder will be available to assist my mare at the first sign of difficulty.

I watch for the placenta to pass and save it for the examination.

I can recognize the difference between a healthy and an unhealthy foal.

I am knowledgeable of naval stump treatment and how to prepare the mare for suckling.

I arrange for the vet to examine the foal shortly after birth and conduct a blood colostrum test.

I will take steps to ensure my foal receives enough colostrum.

I will keep foal records.

I consult a vet or experienced breeder to learn about weaning and weaning methods.

I work to keep stress during weaning at a minimum for my mare and foal.

My weanling is kept with other horses.

I am aware of the nutritional needs of my weanling.

Do not breed horses unless you are familiar with and able to provide the basics of care as outlined in this Code for both mare and foals.
Mares requiring medical care during gestation must receive such care.
Pregnant mares must have some form of exercise or turnout, unless under stall rest for medical reasons or severe environmental conditions make this temporarily impossible.
A plan must be in place for the foaling process, including a plan for getting prompt expert advice or help if needed.
Mares close to foaling must be observed at least twice a day for health, well-being and signs of foaling.
Newborn foals must be monitored to ensure they can rise and suck unassisted.
Appropriate care must be provided without delay if abnormalities in the foal are observed.
Foals must receive colostrum or alternative care to maintain their health and vigour.
Facilities or fencing used during weaning must be safe and made of strong materials free from protrusions.
Corrective action must be taken if the foal or mare injuries themselves attempting to reunite during weaning.

Transportation

Checklist

I am familiar with current transportation laws.

I have ensured that transportation will present no undue suffering or danger to my horse.

I am able to judge a horse’s individual fitness to travel and will provide medical attention if unfit.

I recognize that it is illegal to transport an unfit horse unless it is for veterinary treatment or diagnosis.

I am prepared to provide for my horse’s basic needs during transportation.

I ensure that everyone involved in the transportation process is qualified.

The transporter and I discussed all pertinent details and special trip considerations.

My horse’s protective equipment is properly fitted and comfortable.

I ensured that loading facilities are compatible with the trailer.

Prior to transport my horse was trained to load safety.

I am knowledgeable of correct loose-loading practices.

I have a first-aid kit, emergency supplies and appropriate resources for use during transport.

I am able to monitor my horse during and after transportation for health concerns such as dehydration, injury or illness.

My horse is medically prepared to arrive at his destination and correct paperwork is filled out.

I have a management plan for my horse upon arrival to our destination.

Horses must be individually assessed for fitness for transport before being transported. Evaluate fitness for transport in the context of each trip and all relevant factors (e.g. anticipated total trip duration from farm to final destination and prevailing weather conditions).
Unfit horses must not be transported, except for veterinary diagnosis or treatment.
If the expected duration of the horse’s confinement is longer than 24 hours from the time of loading, the horse must be fed and watered within five hours before being loaded.
The requirements for loading and unloading procedures and equipment as described in the Health of Animal Regulations must be complied with.
Mares must not be transported if they are likely to give birth during the trip.
Every mature stallion must be segregated from all other animals during transport.
Every mare with its suckling offspring must be segregated from all other animal during transport.
Horses must be individually assessed before loading and upon arrival back to the farm.
Horses must be provided with water upon arrival to the farm.

Change or End of Career

Checklist

I agree that being a responsible owner includes making appropriate retirement or change of career decisions for my horse.

I have determined my animal’s physical abilities via specific diagnosis.

I am knowledgeable of the many change or end of career options available for my horse.

When selecting an option for my horse I considered his physical and mental capabilities.

If I sell or donate my horse I have taken steps to ensure that the future caregiver is qualified.

I understand that euthanasia may be an appropriate choice for my horse.

If I am considering humane slaughter than I am familiar with drug withdrawal period times and my horse is fit to travel.

The welfare of the horse must be of paramount importance when making change or end of career decisions.

Euthanasia

Checklist

I am aware that as the owner or manager of my horse I am responsible for the humane euthanasia of my horse.

I have consulted a veterinarian to determine when I should stop treatment of my sick or injured horse.

My vet and I have developed a written plan for when my horse needs to be euthanized and I have placed it in a known location and/or I have advised my staff of the plan.

In advance of need of euthanasia, I have determined appropriate disposal methods.

I keep all equipment required for euthanasia and disposal well maintained (if applicable).

I am knowledgeable of the circumstances where euthanasia should be considered.

I understand that, “letting nature take its course,” is not humane.

I understand that a horse requiring euthanasia MUST be euthanized without delay.

I have ensured that euthanasia will immediately render my horse unconscious with minimal stress and pain.

I have selected a method of euthanasia and disposal that is appropriate for my horse.

I know the signs of consciousness and will monitor for them.

I am knowledgeable of the signs of death and rely on multiple indicators to confirm it.

Equines that are sick injured or in pain must receive appropriate treatment without delay or be euthanized without delay.
For sick, injured or compromised horses that are not showing improvement, horse owners or caregivers must, without delay, obtain veterinary advice on appropriate care and treatment or make arrangements for euthanasia.
An acceptable method of euthanasia must be used (as described in the Code of Practice).
Euthanasia must be performed by persons knowledgeable in the method used for equines.
Disposal must be in accordance with provincial and municipal regulations.
Confirm unconsciousness immediately when it is safe to do so.
Have a secondary euthanasia step or method available.
Confirm death before moving or leave the animal.

Finish

You Have Completed the Equine Guelph Code Decoder

Based on your answers, we have generated a list of items for further reading (these are items that you did not check):

Duty of Care

Facilities and Housing

Feed and Water

Health Management

Husbandry Practices

Reproductive Management

Transportation

Change or End of Career

Euthanasia

Finish

You Have Completed the Equine Guelph Code Decoder

Further Reading

Requirements